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Poverty is still rampant
in India. There are 22.15% people living under the
poverty line in India according to a 2004-2005
survey by NSSO. The estimate was based on monthly
consumption of goods, daily wages, self employment
and landless laborers. However Economic growth and
positive commercial developments have served to
reduce poverty substantially over the years in
India.
The causes of poverty in India are its high
population growth rate, agrarian form of economy,
primitive agricultural practices, illiteracy,
ignorance, unemployment, underemployment, caste
based politics, urban rural divide, social iniquity
and discrimination. One third of the Indian
population has emerged from the squalor of poverty
in recent year’s inspite of the above factors.
The issue of urban poverty in India can be best
expressed with the term pseudo urbanization. Pseudo
urbanization is a state when a city is unable to
contain its populace in terms of providing
livelihood, housing and infrastructure. This is
mainly due to the vast and continuous immigration of
the rural poor into urban areas. Immigration creates
a shortage of resources in the cities. Urban poverty
in India and other third world countries has
resulted in the formation of large slums and shanty
towns.
Indian government has launched various plans to
eradicate poverty in India since 1950. For the
problem of poverty in India, solutions have been
found with some success in recent times. A very good
example of this is the civic drive to make the poor
self sufficient for the three basic requirements of
food, clothing and shelter. The most successful part
of the scheme has been food rationing, which has
made food available to the poor at controlled
prices.
Crusades like ‘national employment program’ and
‘food for work’ initiatives have done much to
harness the unemployed as productive beings. Another
anti poverty program in recent times, which has won
much acclaim, is the ‘rural landless employment
guarantee program’. This was drafted in 1983 to
target the rural poor for employment and economic
rehabilitation.
The eradication of poverty in India has still to go
a long way. Poverty solutions in India are expected
to make better progress with many programs set up
for their upliftment.
Globalization and privatization have also widened
the rich poor gap with the rich becoming richer and
the poor becoming poorer. The constant rising
inflation has made life tuff for the weaker sections
of the society. Though povery reduction programs
have not failed, it still requires a lot of effort
on the part of the government to make the poor
people self sufficient. It os not just important to
help the needy people wityh money and shelter, but
the government needs to provide them with jobs so
that they can have a steady income. The figures for
poverty show that the economic prosperity has indeed
been in India, but the distribution of wealth is not
at all even.
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